Οι μελέτες

Retatrutide

1. Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2301972
2. Sanyal AJ, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(7):2037-2048. doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2
3. Heerspink HJL, Lu Z, Du Y, et al. The Effect of Retatrutide on Kidney Parameters in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obesity. Kidney Int Rep. 2025;10(6):1980-1992. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2025.03.049
4. Heerspink HJL, van Raalte DH, Bjornstad P, et al. Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the TRANSCEND-CKD trial of retatrutide in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2026;41(6):1058-1068. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaf230
5. Rosenstock J, Frias J, Jastreboff AM, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X
6. Coskun T, Wu Q, Schloot NC, et al. Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(8):674-684. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0
7. Locatelli JC, Costa JG, Haynes A, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024;47(10):1718-1730. doi:10.2337/dci23-0100

Tirzepatide — Mounjaro

1. Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
2. Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction (SURMOUNT-4). JAMA. 2024;331(1):38-48. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24945
3. Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(5):427-437. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2410027
4. Heerspink HJL, Sattar N, Pavo I, et al. Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(11):774-785. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00243-1
5. Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107519
6. Heise T, DeVries JH, Urva S, et al. Tirzepatide Reduces Appetite, Energy Intake, and Fat Mass in People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(5):998-1004. doi:10.2337/dc22-1710
7. Locatelli JC, Costa JG, Haynes A, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024;47(10):1718-1730. doi:10.2337/dci23-0100
8. Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025;393(1):26-36. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2416394

Semaglutide

1. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
2. Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT). N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221-2232. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2307563
3. Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, et al. Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):109-121. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2403347
4. Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107519
5. Kadowaki T, Isendahl J, Khalid U, et al. Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(3):193-206. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00008-0
6. Karakasis P, Patoulias D, Fragakis N, Mantzoros CS. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2024;164:156113. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156113
7. Bikou A, Dermiki-Gkana F, Penteris M, Constantinides TK, Kontogiorgis C. A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2024;25(5):611-619. doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2343092

Cagrilintide

1. Garvey WT, Blüher M, Osorto Contreras CK, et al. Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (REDEFINE 1). N Engl J Med. 2025;393(7):635-647. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2502081
2. Lau DCW, Erichsen L, Francisco AM, et al. Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10317):2160-2172. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01751-7

Mazdutide

1. Ji L, Jiang H, Bi Y, et al. Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight (GLORY-1). N Engl J Med. 2025;392(22):2215-2225. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2411528
2. Xie Z, Zheng G, Liang Z, et al. Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2024;161:156038. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156038

GHK-Cu

1. Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. doi:10.3390/ijms19071987
2. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108

KLOW

1. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108
2. Seiwerth S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:627533. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.627533
3. Gwyer D, Wragg NM, Wilson SL. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell Tissue Res. 2019;377(2):153-159. doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03016-8
4. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.634793
5. Elliott RJ, et al. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH 11-13 KPV and adrenocorticotropic hormone signalling in human keratinocyte cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(4):1010-1019. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22404.x
6. Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021;27(4):8-13. (αναδρομική σειρά 16 ασθενών)

PT-141

1. Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, et al. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003500
2. Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Bremelanotide: First Approval. Drugs. 2019;79(14):1599-1606. doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01187-w
3. Rosen RC, Diamond LE, Earle DC, Shadiack AM, Molinoff PB. Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16(2):135-142. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901200
4. Diamond LE, Earle DC, Heiman JR, Rosen RC, Perelman MA, Harning R. An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist. J Sex Med. 2006;3(4):628-638. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00268.x
5. Pfaus JG, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(27):10201-10204. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400491101
6. Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03167.x
7. Pfaus JG, Sadiq A, Spana C, Clayton AH. The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. CNS Spectr. 2022;27(3):281-289. doi:10.1017/S109285292100002X
8. Cipriani S, Alfaroli C, Maseroli E, Vignozzi L. An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2023;24(1):15-21. doi:10.1080/14656566.2022.2132144
9. King SH, Mayorov AV, Balse-Srinivasan P, Hruby VJ, Vanderah TW, Wessells H. Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(11):1098-1106. PMID:17584130

Lemon Bottle

1. Humphrey S, Sykes J, Kantor J, et al. ATX-101 for reduction of submental fat: A phase III randomized controlled trial (REFINE-2). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(4):788-797.e7. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.028
2. Rzany B, Griffiths T, Walker P, et al. Reduction of unwanted submental fat with ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid), an adipocytolytic injectable treatment: results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(2):445-453. doi:10.1111/bjd.12695
3. Schuller-Petrovic S, Wölkart G, Höfler G, et al. Tissue-toxic effects of phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate after subcutaneous injection for fat dissolution in rats and a human volunteer. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(4):529-542. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34128.x
4. Hoffmann K. Injektionslipolyse [Injection lipolysis]. Hautarzt. 2010;61(10):847-855. doi:10.1007/s00105-010-1984-x
5. Pavan R, Jain S, Shraddha, Kumar A. Properties and therapeutic application of bromelain: a review. Biotechnol Res Int. 2012;2012:976203. doi:10.1155/2012/976203
6. Bylka W, Znajdek-Awiżeń P, Studzińska-Sroka E, et al. Centella asiatica in dermatology: an overview. Phytother Res. 2014;28(8):1117-1124. doi:10.1002/ptr.5110
7. Lee H, Bae S, Kim K, et al. Beta-Catenin mediates the anti-adipogenic effect of baicalin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;398(4):741-746. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.015

Η λίστα συστατικών είναι του κατασκευαστή. Οι μελέτες αφορούν την κατηγορία της ενέσιμης λιποδιάλυσης και τα επιμέρους συστατικά — όχι το ίδιο το Lemon Bottle, για το οποίο δεν υπάρχει δημοσιευμένη κλινική μελέτη.

Melanotan II

1. Dorr RT, et al. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life Sci. 1996;58(20):1777-1784. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00160-9

Tesamorelin / CJC-1295 No DAC / Ipamorelin

1. Falutz J, et al. Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in patients with abdominal fat accumulation. AIDS. 2008;22(14):1719-1728. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830a5058
2. Stanley TL, et al. Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial. Lancet HIV. 2019;6(12):e821-e830. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30338-8
3. Teichman SL, et al. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone and IGF-I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1536
4. Raun K, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1390552
5. Ellis RJ, Vaida F, Hu K, et al. Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Persons With HIV and Abdominal Obesity. J Infect Dis. 2025;231(5):1230-1238. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaf012

BPC-157 / TB-500

1. Gwyer D, Wragg NM, Wilson SL. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell Tissue Res. 2019;377(2):153-159. doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03016-8
2. Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:627533. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.627533
3. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.634793
4. Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021;27(4):8-13. (αναδρομική σειρά 16 ασθενών) PMID:34324435

KPV

1. Elliott RJ, Szabo M, Wagner MJ, et al. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH 11-13 KPV and adrenocorticotropic hormone signalling in human keratinocyte cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(4):1010-1019. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22404.x

GLOW

1. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. doi:10.1155/2015/648108
2. Gwyer D, Wragg NM, Wilson SL. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell Tissue Res. 2019;377(2):153-159. doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03016-8
3. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.634793

ARA-290

1. Heij L, Niesters M, Swartjes M, et al. Safety and efficacy of ARA 290 in sarcoidosis patients with symptoms of small fiber neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind pilot study. Mol Med. 2012;18(1):1430-1436. doi:10.2119/molmed.2012.00332
2. van Velzen M, Heij L, Niesters M, et al. ARA 290 for treatment of small fiber neuropathy in sarcoidosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014;23(4):541-550. doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.892072
3. Zhang W, Yu G, Zhang M. ARA 290 relieves pathophysiological pain by targeting TRPV1 channel: Integration between immune system and nociception. Peptides. 2016;76:73-79. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2016.01.003

Thymosin Alpha-1

1. Chien RN, Liaw YF. Thymalfasin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004;2(1):9-16. doi:10.1586/14787210.2.1.9

NAD+

1. Trammell SAJ, Schmidt MS, Weidemann BJ, et al. Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12948. doi:10.1038/ncomms12948

MOTS-c

1. Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2015;21(3):443-454. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

1. Thompson WR, Manuel R, Abbruscato A, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome: 168-week open-label extension results of TAZPOWER. Genet Med. 2024;26(7):101138. doi:10.1016/j.gim.2024.101138
2. Karaa A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurology. 2023;101(3):e238-e252. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000207402

Epithalon

1. Khavinson VKh. Peptides and Ageing. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23 Suppl 3:11-144. PMID:12374906
2. Anisimov VN, Arutjunyan AV, Khavinson VK. Effects of pineal peptide preparation Epithalamin on free-radical processes in humans and animals. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2001;22(1):9-18. PMID:11335874

Glutathione

1. Richie JP, Nichenametla S, Neidig W, et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(2):251-263. doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z
2. Sonthalia S, Daulatabad D, Sarkar R. Glutathione as a skin whitening agent: Facts, myths, evidence and controversies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2016;82(3):262-272. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.179088
3. Allen J, Bradley RD. Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(9):827-833. doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0716

Οι μελέτες [1] και [2] αφορούν **από του στόματος** χορήγηση. Το προϊόν που πωλείται εδώ είναι ενέσιμο· το σκεπτικό της οδού εξηγείται στο κείμενο, αλλά δεν υποκαθιστά μελέτη.

Kisspeptin-10

1. Mills EG, Ertl N, Wall MB, et al. Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(2):e2254313. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313
2. Thurston L, Hunjan T, Ertl N, et al. Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2236131. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36131

Και οι δύο μελέτες αφορούν **κισπεπτίνη-54 ενδοφλεβίως**. Το προϊόν είναι κισπεπτίνη-10 — ίδιος υποδοχέας, άλλο μόριο, άλλη οδός.

Semax

1. Panikratova YaR, Lebedeva IS, Sokolov OYu, et al. Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects. Dokl Biol Sci. 2020;490(1):9-11. doi:10.1134/S001249662001007X
2. Glazova NYu, Manchenko DM, Volodina MA, et al. Semax, synthetic ACTH(4-10) analogue, attenuates behavioural and neurochemical alterations following early-life fluvoxamine exposure in white rats. Neuropeptides. 2020;86:102114. doi:10.1016/j.npep.2020.102114

Η [2] είναι μελέτη **σε αρουραίους**. Η [1] είναι σε ανθρώπους, αλλά μετρά σήμα εγκεφάλου — όχι επίδοση.

Selank

1. Sarkisova KYu, Kozlovskii II, Kozlovskaya MM. Effects of heptapeptide selank on genetically-based and situation-provoked symptoms of depression in behavior in WAG/Rij and Wistar rats, and in BALB/c mice. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2008;58(2):226-237. [PMID 18661785] PMID:18661785
2. Panikratova YaR, Lebedeva IS, Sokolov OYu, et al. Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects. Dokl Biol Sci. 2020;490(1):9-11. doi:10.1134/S001249662001007X
3. Kozlovskii II, Danchev ND. The optimizing action of the synthetic peptide Selank on a conditioned active avoidance reflex in rats. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003;33(7):639-643. doi:10.1023/a:1024444321191

Οι [1] και [3] είναι **σε ζώα**. Η μόνη μελέτη σε ανθρώπους που μπορείς να διαβάσεις ολόκληρη είναι η [2], και μετρά σήμα εγκεφάλου — όχι κλίμακα άγχους.

Oxytocin

1. Keech B, Crowe S, Hocking DR. Intranasal oxytocin, social cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017;87:9-19. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.022
2. Liu P, Lin T, Feifel D, Ebner NC. Intranasal oxytocin modulates the salience network in aging. Neuroimage. 2022;253:119045. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119045

Και οι δύο μελέτες αφορούν **ενδορρινική** χορήγηση. Η [1] αφορά ειδικά άτομα με νευροαναπτυξιακές διαταραχές — δεν μεταφέρεται αυτούσια σε υγιείς.

DSIP

1. Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV. Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. J Neurochem. 2006;97(2):303-309. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03693.x

Μία και μοναδική πηγή, και είναι **κριτική**. Αυτό δεν είναι παράλειψη — αυτή είναι η κατάσταση της βιβλιογραφίας.

Sermorelin

1. Prakash A, Goa KL. Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. 1999;12(2):139-157. doi:10.2165/00063030-199912020-00007
2. Schwartz ID, Grunt JA, Berg S, et al. Growth during and after a trial of growth hormone releasing hormone 1-29 in children with idiopathic short stature or growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000;13(6):645-650. doi:10.1515/jpem.2000.13.6.645

Και οι δύο μελέτες αφορούν **παιδιά** με ανεπάρκεια ή χαμηλό ανάστημα. Δεν υπάρχει αντίστοιχο σώμα δεδομένων σε υγιείς ενήλικες.

IGF-1 LR3

1. Pampusch MS, Xi G, Kamanga-Sollo E, et al. Production of recombinant porcine IGF-binding protein-5 and its effect on proliferation of porcine embryonic myoblast cultures in the presence and absence of IGF-I and Long-R3-IGF-I. J Endocrinol. 2005;185(1):197-206. doi:10.1677/joe.1.06037
2. Conlon MA, Tomas FM, Owens PC, et al. Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig. J Endocrinol. 1995;146(2):247-253. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1460247
3. Bryant KJ, Read LC, Forsberg G, Wallace JC. Design and characterisation of long-R3-insulin-like growth factor-I muteins which show resistance to pepsin digestion. Growth Factors. 1996;13(3-4):261-272. doi:10.3109/08977199609003227

Καμία μελέτη σε ανθρώπους. Η [1] είναι κύτταρα, η [2] ζώα, η [3] χημεία πρωτεΐνης.

AOD-9604

1. Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, et al. Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(10):1442-1449. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740
2. Orlovius AK, Thomas A, Schänzer W, Thevis M. AOD-9604 does not influence the WADA hGH isoform immunoassay. Drug Test Anal. 2013;5(11-12):850-852. doi:10.1002/dta.1557
3. Wilding J. AOD-9604 Metabolic. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004;5(4):436-440. PMID:15134286
4. Jensen MD. Potential role of new therapies in modifying cardiovascular risk in overweight patients with metabolic risk factors. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14 Suppl 3:143S-149S. doi:10.1038/oby.2006.294

Η [1] είναι **σε ποντίκια**. Δεν υπάρχει δημοσιευμένη τυχαιοποιημένη μελέτη σε ανθρώπους με θετικό αποτέλεσμα στο βάρος.

5-Amino-1MQ

1. Neelakantan H, Brightwell CR, Graber TG, et al. Small molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor activates senescent muscle stem cells and improves regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019;163:481-492. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.008
2. Sampson CM, Dimet AL, Neelakantan H, et al. Combined nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition and reduced-calorie diet normalizes body composition and enhances metabolic benefits in obese mice. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5637. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85051-6

Και οι δύο μελέτες είναι **σε ποντίκια**, και αφορούν την κατηγορία «αναστολέας NNMT», όχι ονομαστικά το 5-amino-1MQ.

Melanotan I

1. Kim ES, Garnock-Jones KP. Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016;17(2):179-185. doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6

Η έγκριση και όλα τα δεδομένα αφορούν **εμφύτευμα 16 mg για την ερυθροποιητική πρωτοπορφυρία**. Δεν υπάρχει εγκεκριμένη ένδειξη για μαύρισμα, και δεν υπάρχουν αντίστοιχα δεδομένα.

SNAP-8

1. Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, et al. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(5):303-310. doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x
2. Lim SH, Sun Y, Thiruvallur Madanagopal T, et al. Enhanced Skin Permeation of Anti-wrinkle Peptides via Molecular Modification. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1596. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18454-z

Και οι δύο μελέτες αφορούν την **αργιρελίνη** (εξαπεπτίδιο). Το SNAP-8 είναι το επιμηκυμένο ανάλογό της — συγγενικό μόριο, όχι το ίδιο.

GHRP-2

1. Laferrère B, et al. GHRP-2, like ghrelin, increases food intake in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):611-614. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1719

GHRP-6

1. Popovic V, et al. Diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults by testing with GHRP-6. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;146(5):667-673. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1460667

CJC-1295 (χωρίς DAC)

1. Teichman SL, et al. Identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. doi:10.1210/en.2004-1286

CJC-1295 με DAC

1. Teichman SL, et al. Prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion by CJC-1295 in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1536

Hexarelin

1. Ghigo E, et al. Hexarelin-induced GH, cortisol, and prolactin release: a dose-response study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(12):4405-4411. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954038

PEG-MGF

1. Kandalla PK, et al. MGF-E activates human muscle progenitor cells. Mech Ageing Dev. 2011;132(4):154-162. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2011.02.007

HGH — Σωματοτροπίνη 191aa

1. Rudman D, et al. Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(1):1-6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199007053230101

HGH Fragment 176-191

1. Heffernan MA, et al. Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human GH. Horm Metab Res. 2001;33(1):32-36. doi:10.1159/000053183

Gonadorelin (GnRH)

1. Diagnostic utility of average peak LH during GnRH stimulation test. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2024. doi:10.1515/jpem-2024-0283

Cartalax

1. Khavinson VKh, et al. Effects of KE and AED Peptides on Human Skin Fibroblasts during Replicative Aging. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2020;169(4):560-563. doi:10.1007/s10517-020-05022-1

Pinealon

1. Khavinson VKh, et al. Tripeptides Restore Neuronal Spines in In Vitro Alzheimer’s Disease. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017;163(5):620-623. doi:10.1007/s10517-017-3847-2

Testagen

1. Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly and AEDG on thymus morphology in hypophysectomized birds. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013;154(6):781-784. doi:10.1007/s10517-013-2029-0

Crystagen

1. Molecular aspects of immunoprotective activity of peptides in spleen during ageing. Adv Gerontol. 2014;27(2):257-263.

Bronchogen

1. Peptide Therapy on Bronchial Epithelium in Rats with Obstructive Lung Pathology. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015;159(4):529-533. doi:10.1007/s10517-015-3047-x

Cardiogen

1. Effect of amino acids and cardiogen on myocard tissue culture from young and old rats. Adv Gerontol. 2009;22(4):633-638.

Vesugen

1. Molecular Aspects of the KED Peptide Bioregulator. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2021;171(2):190-193. doi:10.1007/s10517-021-05192-6

Vesilute

1. Molecular Aspects of the KED Peptide Bioregulator. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2021;171(2):190-193. doi:10.1007/s10517-021-05192-6

AHK-Cu

1. Pyo HK, et al. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(7):834-839. doi:10.1007/BF02978833

Adipotide

1. Barnhart KF, et al. A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss in obese monkeys. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(108):108ra112. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002621

PE-22-28

1. Djillani A, et al. Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition and Antidepressant Activity. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:643. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00643

PNC-27

1. Sarafraz-Yazdi E, et al. PNC-27 induces tumor cell necrosis dependent on HDM-2. Med Oncol. 2014;31(9):152.

P21 (P021)

1. Kazim SF, et al. Rescue of cognitive-aging by a neurogenic/neurotrophic compound. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(11):2411-2430. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.017

TB-500 Fragment (Ac-SDKP)

1. Kumar N, et al. Ac-SDKP: target molecule in research of heart, kidney and brain. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(6):750-757. doi:10.2174/1381612821666150909093927

Survodutide

1. le Roux CW, et al. Glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist survodutide for obesity: phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(3):162-173. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00356-X

Humanin

1. Muzumdar RH, et al. Humanin: a novel central regulator of peripheral insulin action. PLoS One. 2009;4(7):e6334. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006334

VIP

1. Leuchte HH, et al. Inhalation of VIP in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2008;32(5):1289-1294. doi:10.1183/09031936.00050008

Vilon

1. Effects of short peptides on thymocyte blast transformation and signal transduction along the sphingomyelin pathway. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002. doi:10.1023/a:1019830308824

Livagen

1. The influence of polypeptide liver complex and tetrapeptide KEDA on organism physiological function. Adv Gerontol. 2020.

Ovagen

1. Tripeptides slow down aging process in renal cell culture. Adv Gerontol. 2014.

Chonluten

1. Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in THP-1. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3607. doi:10.3390/ijms23073607

Pancragen

1. Epigenetic mechanisms of peptidergic regulation of gene expression during aging of human cells. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2015;80(3):310-322. doi:10.1134/S0006297915030062

Prostamax

1. Effect of prostate-derived complex peptide preparations on erectile function in chronic prostatitis. Urologiia. 2026.

Thymogen

1. The First Reciprocal Activities of Chiral Peptide Pharmaceuticals: Thymogen and Thymodepressin. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(9):5042. doi:10.3390/ijms25095042

Eloralintide

1. Eloralintide, a selective amylin receptor agonist for obesity: a 48-week phase 2 RCT. Lancet. 2025. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02155-5

PTD-DBM

1. CXXC5 Mediates DHT-Induced Androgenetic Alopecia via PGD2. Cells. 2023;12(4):555. doi:10.3390/cells12040555

N-Acetyl Semax

1. Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of the ACTH(4-10) analogs Semax and Melanotan II. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177068

N-Acetyl Selank

1. Effect of Selank on Spontaneous Synaptic Activity of Rat Hippocampal CA1 Neurons. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017;162(6). doi:10.1007/s10517-017-3676-3

Adamax

1. Inozemtseva LS, Yatsenko KA, Glazova NY, et al. Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of the ACTH(4-10) synthetic analogs Semax and Melanotan II on male rats in a model of chronic unpredictable stress. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024;984:177068. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177068

MitoPrime

1. MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2015;21(3):443-454. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009